Do you know the relationship between NMN and NAD?
What is NAD?
NAD, or Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, is an enzyme derived from several different forms of the vitamin B3 (Niacin, Nicotinamide Riboside and Nicotinamide) and amino acids like tryptophan and aspartic acid. This enzyme is responsible for maintaining most important biological functions, like DNA repair, immune response, stress response, cellular differentiation, circadian rhythm and metabolism. It acts as a carrier for electrons in energy production, oxidizing and reducing to become NAD+ or NADH. Additionally, NAD can work to trigger mitochondrial autophagy to help maintain a healthy level of mitochondria and reduce oxidative stress. Boiled down, NAD is important because it is present in every cell to help with almost all “biologically important systems in the body”, and the ability to maintain NAD production is “paramount for cell survival and function”.
What does NAD do for the body?
NAD has many different waterfall effects throughout the body, both aiding with the energy production systems and regulating proteins responsible for metabolism, DNA repair, stress, circadian rhythms. It also plays a huge role in synthesizing, important proteins that handle cellular homeostasis, which includes autophagy and other longevity-promoting schemes. The benefits of maintaining NAD levels are innumerable, with some of the most important being downstream effects that can reduce inflammation, promote autophagy and supervising functions necessary to stay healthy and age efficiently. As we age, however, it has been shown that NAD levels in multiple different cell tissues decrease, which leads to many age-related pathologies. New research has shown that “NAD intermediates, such as NMN and NR, can effectively restore the NAD pool and cellular functions in aged animals” meaning that NAD supplementation can almost act as a time machine to help the body return to a higher functioning level of years past. There are “NAD Therapies” beginning to emerge that take advantage of this phenomena, and use NAD supplementation to target ailments, often age-related, or generally old age itself.
What is NMN?
NMN stands for nicotinamide mononucleotide, a molecule naturally occurring in all life forms. At the molecular level, it is a ribo-nucleotide, which is a basic structural unit of the nucleic acid RNA. Structurally, the molecule is composed of a nicotinamide group, a ribose and a phosphate group. NMN is the direct precursor of the essential molecule nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and is considered a key component to increase NAD+ levels in cells.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is one of the intermediates in NAD+ biosynthesis and is a bioactive nucleotide formed by the reaction between a phosphate group and a nucleoside containing ribose and nicotinamide (NAM). NAM is directly converted to NMN by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). The molecular weight of NMN is 334.221 g/mol.
There are two anomeric forms of NMN named alpha and beta, and the latter is the active form.
The relationship between NMN and NAD.
Current research shows that this transformation between NR and NMN must take place for entry to a few cell types. This leads researchers to believe that NMN is, in fact, one of the quickest means of stimulating NAD production. However, NMN supplements are also proving to have their own anti-aging benefits beyond those of NAD production alone.
In addition to the NAD metabolic pathway, NMN can be added directly to cells without converting to NAD. This phenomenon is made possible by newly discovered transport proteins that increase in number after NAD levels drop off. In this form, NMN contributes to cell energy and allows each of the previously mentioned anti-aging properties promoted by cells with adequate ability to grow and regenerate.
Choosing to supplement with NMN along with NAD provides a much more direct path to promoting cell metabolism and is thus a much quicker means of doing the same. In addition, NMN has been found to improve insulin activity and production, resulting in additional metabolic benefits as well as glucose tolerance. In particular, NMN supplements can help work to alleviate metabolic conditions like diabetes, fatty liver disease, and obesity.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a nucleotide that is most recognized for its role as an intermediate of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis. Although the biosynthetic pathway of NMN varies between eukaryote and prokaryote, two pathways are mainly followed in case of eukaryotic human—one is through the salvage pathway using nicotinamide while the other follows phosphorylation of nicotinamide riboside. Due to the unavailability of a suitable transporter, NMN enters inside the mammalian cell in the form of nicotinamide riboside followed by its subsequent conversion to NMN and NAD+. This particular molecule has demonstrated several beneficial pharmacological activities in preclinical studies, which suggest its potential therapeutic use.
The Best Anti-Aging Supplement of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide
After a 2019-study concluded that Nicotinamide Mononucleotide is safe for human consumption if its consumption is restricted to the prescribed limit, several manufacturing companies have entered the market with their offerings. This overabundance of choice has left buyers confused about which Nictonimade Mononucleotide(NMN) supplement is best for them. In our opinion, the best anti-aging supplement of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) in 2021 is the Cofttek company.
Cofttek is an A+ rated company that has been in the market for almost 12 years and has developed a loyal follower base during this time. The NMN powder supplied by the company is triple lab-tested, pharmaceutical-grade NMN sourced from the same companies that had supplied NMN for the various significant human clinical trials that have taken place over the years. The NMN powder supplied by Cofttek facilitates its easy absorption into the body, thereby increasing the bioavailability of the product as well as its physiological functions. More importantly, this powder comes in bulk and you can store it for three months. All in all, this is one of the best supplements currently available in the market with high user rating and it comes from a company that has delivered reliable and effective products year after year.
If you are looking to buy Nicotinamide Mononucleotide(NMN) powder in bulk, the best place to buy NMN powder is cofttek.com. Cofttek is a high-tech pharmaceutical enterprise that has been providing innovative and high-quality products since 2008. The company boasts of an impressive R&D team with experienced individuals committed to the development of competitive products. Cofttek has partners and supplies its products to pharmaceutical companies in China, Europe, India, and North America. The β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide supplied by Cofttek is of very high-quality and completely safe for human consumption. More importantly, the company supplies this powder in bulk, i.e. in units of 25kgs. Thus, if you are looking to buy this powder in bulk, Cofttek is the company you should contact — they are the best Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) powder supplier in the market.
References
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5.Assiri M. A., Ali H. R., Marentette J. O., Yun Y., Liu J., Hirschey M. D., et al. (2019). Investigating RNA expression profiles altered by nicotinamide mononucleotide therapy in a chronic model of alcoholic liver disease. Hum. Genomics 13:65. 10.1186/s40246-019-0251-1